Here is a 3D view of a hydrogren atom in the 4f state. The “gas-like” cloud is composed of a volume of 2D cross-sectional layers. The animations were made in POV-Ray using DF3 density files. The right animation shows what a hypothetical 12o orbital might look like.
POV-Ray has a built-in internal function for the 3d orbital:
// runtime: 4 seconds
camera{location 16*z look_at 0} #declare P=function{internal(53)}; #declare P0=P(0,3,0,0);
box{-8,8 pigment{rgbt t} hollow interior{media{emission 0.5 density{function{(P(x,y,z,0)-1.2)/(P0-1.2)} color_map{[0 rgb 0][1 rgb 1]}}}}}
Mathematica 4.2, 8/22/04; animated version: C++, POV-Ray 3.6.1, 11/27/05
Links
- HydrogenLab – animations of hydrogen energy transitions
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